Inhibitory Effect of Penthorum Chinese Pursh on Hepatitis B Virus in Vitro
[Magazine]: Liver disease - Combination of Chinese and Western, Issue no. 1 Year 2002.
[Writer]: Zhao Jian Qin, Yang Ming, Zhao Lian San, Zhou Ming Mei, Wang Xing, Chou Wen Quan, He Fang, Qin Shan.
[Organization]: Sichuan University Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu TCM University, Yunan Medical Institute, Sichuan University.
[Key words]: Penthorum Chinese Parsh, Hepatitis B virus, 2215 cells, External body test
[Abstract]:Objective: To conduct an external body experiment to find out the efficacy of Penthorum Chinese Parsh and related extractions in fighting hepatitis B virus. Methods: Firstly, make use of Penthorum Chinese Parsh and related herbal extracts on 2215 cells which are infected with HBV-DNA. Then, examine the changes of the level of HBsAg, HBeAg in the cells to evaluate the efficacy of Penthorum Chinese Parsh in fighting hepatitis B virus. Results: When the concentration of the water extraction is 264μg/ml and direct water extraction is 57μg/ml, the rate of suppression of the HBeAg secretion is 54.69% and 54.09% respectively. Treatment Index of (TI)>2. Conclusion: Penthorum Chinese Parsh is effective in fighting hepatitis B virus externally when the the water extraction and direct water extraction reaches a suitable level of concentration.

Progress on the research of the biological functions of Gallic acid
[Magazine]: China Practitioners, Issue no. 10, Year 2004
[Writer]: Li Xiao Ling, Cu Lan, Zu Deqiu
[Organization]: No. 2 Shanghai Medical University, Clinical Laboratory of RenJi Hospital
[Key words]: Gallic acid, Biological function
[Abstract]: Gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5 tri-hydroxybenzoic acid is a hydrolysis constituent that can be found abundantly in grapes, tea leaves and other plants. It is a type of Polyphenols compound found in the nature. Research documents have proven that Gallic acid has the capabilities of preventing inflammation, sudden change and oxidation.

1. Helps prevent tumor

1.1 The related compound structure research showed that the toxic actions of the Gallic acid cells are not commonly found in Polyphenols compound. It is dependable on the unique characteristics of the structure of the Gallic acid: The main active group is the 3 adjoining phenolic hydroxyl groups.

1.2 It has been proven through the reaction of GA and Fenton which produces hydroxy radical and zanthine – hyper oxygen radical anion generated by the zanthine oxidase free radicles system can help in purification. The oxidization of the liver cytomicrosome cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) reduces the accumulation of ROS cell organization.

2. Helps kill insects

3. Functions to help liver
　　Researcher studies conducted on the Gallic acid showed that the compounds present helps in protecting liver by fighting against CCl4 that induces the liver’s physiological and biochemistry transformation. Further research showed that oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of GA helps to stop the damages to the liver caused by CCl4, extrapolating the possibility of doing so through the protecting functions of SOD to the cell membrane. The study indicate GA resists acute virus hepatitis through protection by cell membrane. Some researchers believe GA has function of antivirus.

4. Helps blood functions

5. Security

Effects of Quercetin on the growth cycle of the tumor cells
[Magazine]: Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem, Volume 23, 2004
[Writer]: Wang Chao Jie, Guan Xiaoqin, Yang Lian, Dang Wei Xue, Liao Xiaogang
[Organization]: Chongqing Medical University,
[Key words]: Quercetin , liver tumor, cells growth, cells perish
[Abstract]: Objective: To find out the effects of Quercetin on the cell cycles of the tumor cells and discuss its mechanism. Methods: To make use of the combination of tetrazolium salts and chromatometry to find out the capability of Quercetin in suppressing the growth of the tumor cell and using various methods such as flow cytometry, electron microscope, immunocytochemistry and etc to observe the effects of Quercetin on the external growth of the liver tumor cell line QGY and HepG2. Results: Quercetin is effective in suppressing QGY and HepG2, leading to the increase in the growth of G0 /G1 cells and reduce in the number of G2 /M and S cells. Effects on HepG2 were more significant after 48 and 72 hours. The results through the immunocytochemistry showed that the masculinity of PCNA is weaker compared to P21WAF1 after the use of Quercetin and BAX is only strong in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Quercetin is capable of suppressing both types of liver tumor cell line through the strengthening of P21WAF1 and weakening of PCNA, which results in the death of G0 /G1.

Effects of Quercetin on signal Pathway of TGF-β1 in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells
[Magazine]: Sichuan University
[Writer]: Mao Yong Qiu, Liu Xiao Qing, Jiang Yu, Wu Hong Bing
[Organisation]: Sichuan University West China Hospital Tumor Centre, Sichuan University Huaxi Hospital Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory
[Key words]: Quercetin, HSC, Liver fibrosis, TGF-β1
[Abstract]: Objective: To investigate the effects of Quercetin on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin (FN) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) stimulated with transforming growth factor TGF-β1. Methods: HSCs of rats were isolated by in situ perfusion and gradients centrifugation and the activated HSCs were incubated with quercetin (10-9-10-5mol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. TGF-β1 was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of CTGF was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and FN was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Quercetin(10-8-10-5mol/L) inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 in HSCs. TGF-β1 expression decreased after the HSCs were being incubated with quercetin (10-7mol/L) for 48 hours mean fluorescence: 13.33±2 .4 4 and 18.0 8±2 .5 4 ,t=16 .5 2 ,P<0 .0 1). TGF-β1 increased the expression of CTGF mRNA in HSCs, but this effect was abrogated by quercetin (10-7mol/L) within 72 hour. Quercetin (10-7mol/L) significantly inhibited the expression of FN in HSCs. Conclusion: Quercetin may have an inhibitory effect on the signal pathways of TGF-β1, including the expression of TGF-β1, FN and CTGF.

Quercetin functions to protect liver against chemical reperfusion injury
[Writer]: Su Jun Feng, Guo Chang Jiang, Wei Jing Yu, Jiang Yu Gang, Yang Xu Jun
[Organisation]: Health Sciences Research Institute, Tianjin 300050
[Abstract]: Objective: To discuss the effectiveness of Quercetin in protecting liver against chemical reperfusion injury. Methods: To fill the stomach with Quercetin, using vitamin C as the control and tying it up for 30 minutes before releasing the gate of the liver blood vessels, resulting in chemical reperfusion injury. After which, examining the level of GPT, active GOT, MDA concentration, liver quercetin MDA, GSH and XO content, GSH2Px, active hemocuprein and antioxygen power, active ROS content and DNA breakage rate. Results: Chemical reperfusion injury raised the GPT, active GOT and MDA level, increased the active XO, MDA and ROS content and DNA breakage rate and decreased the SOD, active GSH2Px, GSH content and antioxygen power. Quercetin reverses the above and showed signs of the liver recovering from the injury. Vitamins C also proved to help in protecting the liver against chemical reperfusion injury.Conclusion: Quercetin protects liver suffering from chemical reperfusion injury and strengthens the anti-oxidized system functions of the liver.